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What are bromeliads: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Ananasstaude.JPG|thumb|250px]]Nobody should presume he does not know any „Bromeliads“. For at least one species – in fact being not an ornamental but an economic plant - is on the tip of everybody’s tongue: the pineapple. She was the first representative of her family to find her way to Europe, rather soon after the discovery of America. The Bromeliads (lat.: ''Bromeliaceae'') obtained their name by the French botanist Charles Plumier who published them 1703 for the first time, naming them after his friend, the Swedish physician and botanist Olaf Bromel (1639-1705). In german language generally the name “pineapple plants” is in use. | [[File:Ananasstaude.JPG|thumb|250px]]Nobody should presume he does not know any „Bromeliads“. For at least one species – in fact being not an ornamental but an economic plant - is on the tip of everybody’s tongue: the pineapple. She was the first representative of her family to find her way to Europe, rather soon after the discovery of America. The Bromeliads (lat.: ''Bromeliaceae'') obtained their name by the French botanist Charles Plumier who published them 1703 <ref name="Grant1998" /> for the first time, naming them after his friend, the Swedish physician and botanist Olaf Bromel (1639-1705). In german language generally the name “pineapple plants” is in use. | ||
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Based on the latest researches (2007-2011) further subfamilies will be added, splitting the subfamily Pitcairnioideae and increasing the number of subfamilies to eight. | Based on the latest researches (2007-2011) further subfamilies will be added, splitting the subfamily Pitcairnioideae and increasing the number of subfamilies to eight.<ref name="Givnish2007" /><ref name="Givnish2011" /> | ||
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Only a few species of the Bromeliaceae are in service as a useful plant. Without question the biggest commercial relevance the pineapple draws on itself. Also the fruits of the ''Bromelia karatas'', common in the Caribbean, are edible and very tasty. The stems of ''Bromelia karatas'' and ''Bromelia laciniosa'' (called "Macambira" in Brasilia) after cooking and drying at the sun pro-vide a starch flour, and the hearts of some Puya species of the Andes are used as salad and are the favourite dish of the Andean bear (''Tremarctos ornatus''). | Only a few species of the Bromeliaceae are in service as a useful plant. Without question the biggest commercial relevance the pineapple draws on itself. Also the fruits of the ''Bromelia karatas'', common in the Caribbean, are edible and very tasty. The stems of ''Bromelia karatas'' and ''Bromelia laciniosa'' (called "Macambira" in Brasilia) after cooking and drying at the sun pro-vide a starch flour, and the hearts of some Puya species of the Andes are used as salad and are the favourite dish of the Andean bear (''Tremarctos ornatus''). | ||
In addition to the fruits ''Ananas'' species provide fibers which are converted to ropes and lashings as well as first-class textiles and paper. In the Philipines the traditional.men’s shirt "Barong Tagalog" are manufactured out of them. Some other Bromeliads are used similarly for the production of fibers, as for example ''Neoglaziovia variegata'' same as ''Deinacanthon urbanianum''. | In addition to the fruits ''Ananas'' species provide fibers which are converted to ropes and lashings as well as first-class textiles and paper<ref name="The Blue Pineapple Story" />. In the Philipines the traditional.men’s shirt "Barong Tagalog" <ref name="Barong Tagalog" /> are manufactured out of them. Some other Bromeliads are used similarly for the production of fibers, as for example ''Neoglaziovia variegata'' same as ''Deinacanthon urbanianum''. | ||
From plant parts of ''Ananas'' species is segregated the protein-dissociative enzyme ''Bromelain'', which is used for turning meat tender (many other species may be used for that, because Bromelaines are common in the family). The Louisiana moss (''Tillandsia usneoides'') serves as packing and stuffing material. | From plant parts of ''Ananas'' species is segregated the protein-dissociative enzyme ''Bromelain'', which is used for turning meat tender (many other species may be used for that, because Bromelaines are common in the family). The Louisiana moss (''Tillandsia usneoides'') serves as packing and stuffing material. | ||
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== Sources == | == Sources == | ||
== References == | |||
<references> | |||
<ref name="Grant1998"> Jason R. Grant [http://fcbs.org/articles/Catalogue_Bromeliaceae_Genera.htm ''An Annoted Catalogue of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae'', In: The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 1998.]</ref> | |||
<ref name="Givnish2007"> T. J. Givnish, J. C. Pires, S. W. Graham, M. A. McPherson, L. M. Prince & T. B. Patterson: ''Phylogeny, biogeography, and ecological evolution in Bromeliaceae: Insights from ndhF sequences.'' in J. T. Columbus, E. A. Friar, J. M. Porter, L. M. Prince, & M. G. Simpson: ''Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Poales'', Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, 2007, 23, page 3-26.</ref> | |||
<ref name="Givnish2011"> Thomas J. Givnish, M. H. J. Barfuss, B. Van Ee, R. Riina, Katharina Schulte, Ralf Horres, P. A. Gonsiska, R. S. Jabaily, D. M. Crayn, J. A. C. Smith, K. Winter, Gregory K. Brown, T. M. Evans, Bruce K. Holst, Harry E. Luther, Walter Till, Georg Zizka, P. E. Berry & Kenneth J. Sytsma: ''Adaptive radiation and diversification in Bromeliaceae: insights from a 7-locus plastid phylogeny'', In: ''American Journal of Botany'', Volume 98, Issue 5, 2011, S. 872–895: [http://www.botany.wisc.edu/sytsma/pdf/Givnish2011.pdf PDF.] </ref> | |||
<ref name="The Blue Pineapple Story"> [http://home.vicnet.net.au/~papervic/asao.html The Blue Pineapple Story] - paper made from pineapple fibres</ref> | |||
<ref name="Barong Tagalog"> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barong_Tagalog Barong Tagalog] in Wikipedia</ref> | |||
</references> | |||